Projecting the Regulatory State beyond the EU: Gas Markets and Energy Security. In: Peters I, editor. The European Union’s Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag; 2015.
The EU Regulatory State, Commission Leadership and External Energy Governance. In: Godzimirski J, editor. EU Leadership in Energy and Environmental Governance: Global and Local Challenges and Responses. Palgrave ; 2015.
Projecting the Regulatory State beyond the EU: Gas Markets and Energy Security. In: Peters I, editor. The European Union’s Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag; 2015.
Managing Heterogeneity in the EU: Using Gas Market Liberalisation to Explore the Changing Mechanisms of Intergovernmental Governance. Journal of European Integration. 2014.
Fra motspiller til medspiller: EU og norsk profesjonell fotball 1995-2010. Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift. 2012;28(4):214-40. Abstract
Fra motspiller til medspiller: EU og norsk profesjonell fotball 1995-2010
In 1995, the European Court of Justice’s ruling that professional football had to adhere to EU’s Single Market rules prompted a strong and negative reaction from clubs and associations right across Europe. The Bosman ruling obliged the European Commission to clarify the status of football as a commercial activity, the three key issues being player transfers, quotas for foreign players and commercial media rights. This article explores Norwegian reactions to Bosman and the subsequent development of a new regime for professional football. Initially, Norwegian actors saw the ruling as a threat. However, the Commission soon engaged in a dialogue with UEFA with a view to a compromise that would preserve both EU rules and the values central to Norwegian and European football. Norwegian representation in UEFA’s leadership provided national actors with information and insight into opportunities for adaptation. The article illustrates a form of Europeanization that has received limited attention in the literature on Europeanization: namely mutual adaptation.
The European Union Gas Market:Differentiated Integration and Fuzzy Liberalisation. In: Fermann G, editor. Energy and institution-building in Europe: Forces of integration and fragmentation. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag; 2009.
Differentiated Integration: What is it and How Much Can the EU – Accommodate? Journal of European Integration. 2006;28(4):313. Abstract
Differentiated Integration: What is it and How Much Can the EU – Accommodate?
How much differentiated integration can the European Union accommodate? Not all member states are equally eager or able to participate in all aspects of integration, and the impact of EU policy on the member states varies across states and policy sectors. Whereas much of the literature on differentiated integration has focused primarily on formal opt-outs, this article widens the term to capture both the formal and informal arrangements for policy opt-outs as well as the differences, or discretionary aspects, associated with putting EU policy into practice. The article draws on organisational theory to elaborate a broad and flexible understanding of European integration that links the literature on integration and Europeanisation, and proceeds to explore different types of European integration. The core question is therefore: what is differentiated integration, and how much can the EU accommodate? Is differentiated integration a robust path for the EU project?